Enterpreneurs play very important role in socio-economic welfare of the country. They identify the needs of the business, purchases the other factors of production and coordinates them for some productive purposes. They are the innovators, researchers and risk-takers of the company. Due to the mixed economy in India, both public and private enterpreneurship exists here. Large scale sectors are under the public enterpreneurship. The middle and small scale sectors are under the private entrepreneurship. In order to develop entrepreneurship in this sectors, Government of India has stepped towards the Entrepreneurship Development Programmes. The reason behind the development of entrepreneurship programmes in India are as follows :-

1. Increase in national production and productivity in different sectors : Indian entrepreneurs should work to increase the national production in primary, secondary and tertiary sectors. They should work to increase employment. They must be able to generate wealth from both national and international markets. They should produce such goods and services which can substitute the imports. They should give more effort for increasing export of goods and services.

2. Balanced regional development : Most of the industries are setup in the urban and semi-urban ares. This has led to the migration of people from rural areas to big cities. This has created pressure on the Government to provide housing and other facilities to the people. In order to reduce this imbalance, Government has provided facilities to encourage entrepreneurs to setup new ventures in rural areas.

3. Re-investment of profit : The objective of re-investment of profit can be achieved when their will be developed indigenous enterpreneurs. They invest profits in the business for the betterment of the productivity and welfare of the community.

4. Decentralisation of economic power : The main drawback of large scale enterprises is the centralisation of economic power. In order to achieve equitable distribution of wealth and balanced economic growth, the Government has targeted to develop competent entrepreneurs who can setup the small scale enterprises. This will help in the dispersal of wealth.

5. Solving the problem of unemployment and under-employment : In large scale industries, the problem of unemployment and underemployment is more. It is so due to lack of capital and increase in labour force. The highly educated and technically experienced peoples get dissatisfied and frustrated with their job. In order to solve this socio-economic problem of India, Government has taken step towards the development of such programmes. Besides setting up of large scale industries, small scale industries are encouraged to setup, which can provide large number of employment with the same amount capital investment, compared to the large scale industries.

6. Harnessing youth vigour : When government cannot provide work to the educated and highly qualified youths, to earn their livelihood, they turn up to violent activities. In order to reduce their frustration, anger and disappointment, the development of entrepreneurs is necessary in India. They provide self-employment work to the youth, to earn their living. Thus, they are diverted from destructive activities by entrepreneurial motivation to work for the country.

7. Women as a special needs group : India is a developing country where discriminating attitude towards women is more. They are deprived of the opportunities, employment or payrise or leardership. Therefore, women has started their own ventures in India. Government has also started courses for the betterment of entrepreneurship skills among women. This has increased confidence in the mind of the women. According to the statistical reading, women entrepreneurs are doing better and they are increasing day by day. On the other hand, male entrepreneurs are impatient and over confident to spoil their own ventures. Women entrepreneurs are found to learn their weaknesses and they try to overcome them through hard work and perseverence.

Thus many institutions have been setup to develop the entrepreneurship in India. These institutions provide finance to the entrepreneurs to setup and flourish their ventures.

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INTRODUCTION:

“Entrepreneur is a person who habitually creates and innovates to build something of recognized value around perceived opportunities”

When people pursue opportunities to achieve personal goals and to realize personal ideals, entrepreneurship comes into being. Entrepreneurship is what drives human lives to change for the better because entrepreneurs put their theoretical innovations into practice. Indeed, entrepreneurship is the result of combining personal creativity and business innovation. Under the drive of business innovation and entrepreneurship, intelligence and innovation are, therefore, invigorated to brighten human lives. All blockbuster products and services are first born of creative ideas. Also, at a time when traditional jobs are disappearing, you will be more likely to recognize and profit from new opportunities. Here are some suggestions for fostering ingenuity.

Successful new products are usually associated with `idea-centric’ creativity. The greater the number of creative and relevant ideas put forward, the more likely it is that successful new products will emerge. And real-life experiences often help to anchor and focus creativity for maximizing the number of actionable new product ideas that can be generated.

The Essence of Entrepreneurship

“Entrepreneurs” are often thought of as persons who start new business venturesInnovation is the specific instrument of entrepreneurship.

Today many people like to become an entrepreneur and also they have innovative idea which can change the India.

India, the largest democracy of the World, with about a sixth of the World’s Human Resource, boasts of huge pool of people aged over twenty and under thirty – the age at which most entrepreneurs start off. India also has it’s strengths in it’s diversity, it’s faith in equality and freedom. In short India has a huge potential for innovation and entrepreneurship. It’s just a matter of channeling the resources appropriately, before it is unleashed.

The world is facing the twin challenges of youth unemployment and environmental degradation – this presents an exciting opportunity to engage young people as social and environmental entrepreneurs, building a society that can live within planetary boundaries.

Colleges play a far greater role in the society than just being centres of knowledge transfer and exchange. College may be likened to a workshop where characters, and therefore societies and in-turn nations, are carved. Attitudes and Habits, good or bad, picked up in college, stick with you for life – by default. They hold the power to make or break a nation. It is therefore, required of colleges and other educational institutions to cultivate the habit of innovation, within themselves and in their students. Colleges need to promote and reward innovation 

Barriers to Innovation:

Management’s resistance to innovative ideas is one of the main reasons so many entrepreneurs just give up.

1. Short Term Focus: They are only concerned about short term performance .Besides most significant innovations take a long time to come to market, and the leader is likely to be long gone before that happens.

2. Leadership (or lack thereof). They really don’t understand that leaders take responsibility for both long term and short term performance, and hence aren’t really leaders.

3. Surviving against Intense Competition. There won’t be a tomorrow if the company can’t compete today, and hence all available resources need to be focused on carving out a sustainable competitive position in order to generate — eventually — the extra resources for investing in innovation.

4. Fear of failure / fear of uncertainty. They don’t know how to manage / lead in the domain of innovation, and are trapped by their own competence related to management in mainstream operations. They stay within their own comfort zone.

5. Lack of bandwidth. The company doesn’t (yet) have a system for supporting innovation and the management simply doesn’t have the bandwidth to take on the challenge.

6. Lack of confidence in the innovator. They have many activities competing for limited resources and — like venture capitalists — choose to invest in innovators in whom they have confidence. Perhaps the innovator who seeks but fails to gain support doesn’t have the knowledge, skills and attitudes that generate confidence in the minds of the management.

CREATIVITY

Creativity is marked by the ability to create, bring into existence, to invent into a new form, to produce through imaginative skill, to make to bring into existence something new. Creativity is not ability to create out of nothing (only God can do that), but the ability to generate new ideas by combining, changing, or reapplying existing ideas. Some creative ideas are astonishing and brilliant, while others are just simple, good practical ideas that no one seems to have thought, of yet. Creativity requires passion and commitment.

The action and result of imagination and ingenuity; the ability to create through the relation of previously unrelated ideas or things; the application of a person’s mental ability and curiousity to discover something new.

Innovation: The introduction of something new; the development of new processes, methods, devices, products, and services for a useful purpose.

Entrepreneurship: The pursuit of opportunity without regard to resources currently controlled; the process of creating value through unique resource combinations to exploit opportunity; the implementation of innovation; the utilization of the skill sets, qualities and characteristics inherent in, or acquired by, entrepreneurs.

CHARACTERISTICS OF AN ENTREPRENEUR

The entrepreneur has an enthusiastic vision, the driving force of an enterprise.

The entrepreneur’s vision is usually supported by an interlocked collection of specific ideas not available to the marketplace.

The overall blueprint to realize the vision is clear, however details may be incomplete, flexible, and evolving.

The entrepreneur promotes the vision with enthusiastic passion.

With persistence and determination, the entrepreneur develops strategies to change the vision into reality.

The entrepreneur takes the initial responsibility to cause a vision to become a success.

Entrepreneurs take prudent risks. They assess costs, market/customer needs and persuade others to join and help.

An entrepreneur is usually a positive thinker and a decision maker.

An entrepreneur has inspiration, motivation and sensibility.

ADVANTAGES OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP

Enormous personal financial gain

Self-employment, own bossing, offering more job satisfaction and flexibility of the work force

Employment for others, often in better jobs

Development of more industries, especially in rural areas or regions disadvantaged by economic changes, for example due to globalization effects

Income generation and increased economic growth

Healthy competition thus encourages higher quality products

More goods and services available

Development of new markets

Freedom from the dependency on the jobs offered by others

Ability to have great accomplishments

Reduction of the informal economy

Emigration of talent may be stopped by a better domestic entrepreneurship climate

Serious tax advantages 

DISADVANTAGES:

• Salary: Starting your own business means that you must be willing to give up the security of a regular paycheck.

• Benefits: There will undoubtedly be fewer benefits, especially when considering that your business will be just starting off.

• Work schedule: The work schedule of an entrepreneur is never predictable; an emergency can come up in a matter of a second and late hours will have to be put in.

• Administration: All the decisions of the business must be made on your own; there is no one ranked higher than you on the chain of command in YOUR business.

• Incompetent staff: Often times, you will find yourself working with an employee who “doesn’t know the ropes” as well as you do due to lack of experience.

• Procedures: Many times during your entrepreneurial life, you will find that many policies do not make sense, nor will they ever make sense 

CONCLUSION:

            Entrepreneurship is no longer seen as being solely applicable to people to start enterprises but to people involved in any endeavor. It is therefore important to introduce entrepreneurship into the school system as a means of changing attitudes and creating wider awareness in the society, so that people can play a more positive role in developing their own well being. It is essential to motivate the youths to become self-employed even when they are studying in schools and colleges. In fact, entrepreneurship development is one of the most integral parts of human development, and in recent time there is an urgent need to find a place in the curriculum of all institutions and colleges.  Since education is an integral part of society, society would like to benefit from its outcomes like good academic performance and personalities which contribute for the betterment of society. A constructive way of contributing to society is by developing entrepreneurial skills.

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The global financial crisis has made it quite difficult for companies, especially small businesses, to get business loans. Ironically, it is also in this situation that smaller companies often need additional capital infusion to boost income. You may need to get small business loans to acquire a better business location, construct a new building, renovate your premises, pay for new equipment, fixtures or furniture or increase inventory and working capital.

Most Small Business Loans Require Collateral

To get business loans, even small business loans, is a major challenge.

First you need to identify which among the many types of small business loans you need. Small business loans ranging from $5,000.00 to $35,000.00 are called micro loans. For larger needs, such as for the acquisition of land, buildings and other major fixed assets, development financing is what you should find. There are also import export loans as well as franchise financing. Do your research to find out if you are qualified for small business loans guaranteed by the U.S. Small Business Administration or SBA.

Any of these small business loans will require extensive preparations and paperwork. As a small business owner, you will need to prove your credit worthiness through a personal credit history report. Lenders will also require a business plan which includes your credentials as the business owner, your company financial statements, business assets and an analysis of your market. All of these should be packaged in a professional loan proposal which presents how the loaned amount will be used to strengthen the business and how you intend to repay the loan. Most of all, you need to present your loan collateral – the assets you will put up to secure the loan.  

Quick and Easy Small Business Loans with No Collateral

For smaller acquisitions or day to day business needs, there is a way for entrepreneurs to get small business loans easily and quickly with no collateral. This is through merchant services.

Merchant services provide credit card services to businesses. This enables them to accept and process payments through credit cards or debit cards either through face to face purchases, online transactions, or even by phone or fax. Merchant service providers supply terminal equipment for card swiping, as well as the necessary software and high speed IP solutions.

Most businesses need credit card services since consumers routinely pay for goods and services through credit cards and debit cards these days. If your business has not taken this step yet, you may have been missing out on more than half of your income potential.

These same merchant services also provide the solution for your small business loans. Collateral-free loans can be availed of through their cash advances, with the loan amount computation based on the monthly credit card revenue your business generates. Credit card sales requirements may be as low as $3,000.00 a month. You will not be asked for collateral since your future revenue is your collateral.  

The best types of merchant cash advances do not require fixed monthly payments nor do they impose deadlines on loan payment. A certain percentage is instead deducted automatically from your credit card revenue each month to go towards loan payment. This way, you never have to worry about loan amortization.

Once your cash advance has been fully paid, you may apply for another one. It is like having a revolving credit line. Make sure that you compare the terms of several merchant service providers, though, and read the fine print on contracts. There are so many merchant service providers competing for your business that you’ll surely find one that fits your needs.

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